Final essay

Mobile phones

Mobile phones have rapidly changed over the past few years. It made life more convenient, allowing people to talk to each other wherever they want. At the last count, there were more than 13 billion mobile phones in the world. (Woodford 2006: p28~29) They use the latest digital technology to send and receive text messages, data, photographs, videos and even television, as well as voice conversations. Many modern mobile phones are more like a computer than an old style telephone. Inside the mobile is a small microprocessor chip linked to a radio transmitter and receiver. It allow us to do the amazing thing your normally do on your computer. For example access to internet, sending the e-mail, watching life television etc.
How does mobile phone work? Who is the inventor of the mobile phone? Why mobile phone is so important to our life? What mobile phone is been change to from old time till future?On my research of this essay I will do a comparison with new and old mobile phones and also discuss some future technology. I will start with the history of the mobile phone.

These early mobile telephone systems can be defined from earlier closed radiotelephone systems which were used by police at that time. It is carried them in the police cars. To make calls, the police officer contacted a mobile telephone operator. Then the operator sent the call to the nearest radio station and transmitted the call to another police car. However such a device is very heavy and run off of the host vehicle's 12 volt electrical system very quickly. (Wikipedia 2007) Until 3rd of April 1973 Dr. Martin Cooper, who was a general manager at Motorola and the inventor of the mobile phone, made the first analogue mobile phone call to his rival Joel Engel, head of research at AT&T Bell Labs, while walking the streets of New York City talking on the first Motorola DynaTac prototype. It was large compared to today's Mobile phone. The Motorola DynaTac is 22.8 cm long, 12.7 cm wide and weighed around 1.2kg. ( Wikipedia 2007)

After the first mobile phone Motorola DynaTac prototype is out in 1973. It took another ten years to refine the working of the analogue mobile phone. In 1983 the 1 G (First Generation Wireless Telephone Technology) Motorola DynaTac 8000X was sell on the market and the different between Motorola DynaTac prototype and Motorola DynaTac 8000X was old one weighed around 1.2kg and new one weighed around 0.8kg. It makes more possible to carry around. On the old 12 function keypad they modified nine more function keys which were:

* Recall .
* Store
* Power
* Clear
* Function
* Lock
* Send
* End
* Volume
They also put in the new display screen using red LEDS which show limited in what information it could show. The bigger improvement were on the battery, it can last the call time up to 35 minutes and standby time up to 10 hours. (Wikipedia 2007)

In the 1990s, second generation wireless telephone technology mobile phone systems such as GSM and CDMA began to be introduced. The main different to the previous mobile telephone systems is that the radio signals use in 1G networks are analog, while 2 G networks are digital. 2G also improved network capacity, voice quality, size of the mobile phone, provided new international roaming services and still continues to use cellular technology and operates in the 800~900 MHz band ( Digital 21 Strategy 2004) This change was possible through technological improvements such as more advanced batteries and more energy efficient electronics, but also was largely related to the higher density of cellular sites caused by increasing usage levels. GSM stand for Global System for Mobile Communications. It is the most popular standard for mobile phones in the world. GSM service is used by over 2 billion people across and more than 212 countries. (Wikipedia 2007) The best thing about GSM is so many country using GSM System which makes international roaming very common. Roaming is defined as the ability for a mobile customer to automatically make and receive voice calls, send and receive data, or access other services when traveling outside the home network, by means of using a visited network. It offers the convenience of a single number, a single bill and a single phone with worldwide access to over 210 countries. (GSM Association 2007) For CDMD (Code Division Multiple Access), that separates subscriber calls from one another by code. As a result all available CDMA frequencies can be used in every cell, which increasing the total number of available voice channels and the system capacity. (Mymobilephone Pty Ltd 2000-2006)

To meet the growing demands of subscribers, rates required for high speed data transfer and multimedia applications mobile phones. The new age third generation wireless telephone technology (3G) was develop for providing the ability to transfer simultaneously both voice data and non-voice data (For example video telephone). The main difference between 2G and 3G is how fast data can be sending and received. Using a software called HSDPA (High Speed Downlink Packet Access), which support 1.8 Mbps, 3.6Mbps, 7.2Mbps and 14.4Mbps in downlink.( Muratore 2001: p1~9) Nowadays 3G can send data up to 10 times faster than the rates of 2G, which means that more able to downloading information, access to internet, exchanging email, multimedia messaging, watching life television and mobile TV. (Telstra Network Information)

In the future the 4G (Fourth Generation Wireless Telephone Technology) will be a fully IP-based integrated system of systems and network of networks achieved after the convergence of wired and wireless networks as well as computer, consumer electronics, communication technology and several other convergences, that will be capable of providing 1Gbps with high security.( Kyun; Prasad 2006: p12~13) It offer us new experience on any kind of services at anytime, anywhere, at affordable cost and all in one billing.

Reference
(Book) Mennen, Andrew (2005) The complete guide to mobile phones Relianz communications Pty Ltd Australia
Muratore, Flavio (2001) Mobile communications for the future John Wiley & sons LTD England
Kyun, Kim; Prasad, Ramjee. 4G Roadmap and Emerging Communication Technologies. Artech House.
Worth, Richard (2006) T he telegraph and telephone World almanac library Canada
(Internet) GSM Association (2007). About GSM Roaming http://www.gsmworld.com/index.shtml (accessed 10/05/07)
ITU (2005). About mobile technology and IMT-2000 http://www.itu.int/osg/spu/imt-2000/technology.html#Cellular%20Standards%20for%201G%20and%202G (accessed 10/05/07)
Mymobilephone Pty Ltd (2000-2006). FAQ http://www.mymobilephone.com.au/index.php/item/259 (accessed 12/04/07)
Digital 21 Strategy, The Government of the Hong Kong special administrative region (2004). 3G - Connect to the future http://www.info.gov.hk/digital21/eng/knowledge/3g_intro.html (accessed 10/05/07)
Telstra Network Information, What is 3G? http://www.telstra.com.au/mobile/networks/info/3g.htm(accessed 05/05/07)
Wikipedia (2007). History of mobile phones http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_mobile_phones (accessed 12/04/07)